{"id":292,"date":"2008-12-17T20:28:58","date_gmt":"2008-12-17T17:28:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/?p=292"},"modified":"2008-12-17T20:29:02","modified_gmt":"2008-12-17T17:29:02","slug":"santralhaber-erisimimi-engelleme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/?p=292","title":{"rendered":"SantralHaber | Eri\u015fimimi engelleme!"},"content":{"rendered":"

SantralHaber | Eri\u015fimimi engelleme!<\/a><\/p>\n

16\/12\/08 – 17:49<\/p>\n

Burcu Soydan<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller anlat\u0131l\u0131rken matbaan\u0131n icat edilmesinden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra \u00fclkemize geldi\u011finden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltilir. Bir bak\u0131ma hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 olsa da, internetin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmesi bu kadar uzun s\u00fcrmedi ama yasaklar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla kullan\u0131ma sokuldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcnce zihniyette bir problem oldu\u011fu da a\u015fikar. \u0130nternet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ya da yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00e7ok eskiye dayanmayan T\u00fcrkiye, hukuki boyutu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 eri\u015fim engelleme kararlar\u0131yla neredeyse d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir \u00fcne kavu\u015ftu. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda milyonlarca kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bir \u201ct\u0131k\u201d \u00f6temizdeki kimi internet sitelerine girmek isteyenler s\u0131kl\u0131kla, \u201cBu siteye eri\u015fim engellenmi\u015ftir\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor. Bir tek mahkeme karar\u0131yla milyonlarca blog\u2019a ya da birka\u00e7 video y\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00fcnyada en pop\u00fcler sitelere \u201cuygunsuz i\u00e7erik\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle eri\u015filemezken di\u011fer yandan ter\u00f6rizmi destekleyen, kek tarifi verir gibi bomba tarifi veren, nas\u0131l suikast yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan sitelere eri\u015fimde ise herhangi bir sorun ya\u015fanm\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi ya da sanal d\u00fcnya ile yarg\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015fay\u0131 ortaya koymak i\u00e7in akademisyenler Yaman Akdeniz ve Kerem Alt\u0131parmak taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda bir rapor yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u201c\u0130nternet: Girilmesi tehlikeli ve yasakt\u0131r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 rapor, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi internetin devlet taraf\u0131ndan tehlikeli bir icat gibi g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6rneklerle ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n


\nSans\u00fcr\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun
\nRapor, eri\u015fim engellemeyi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayat\u0131m\u0131za giren kanunun beraberinde bir\u00e7ok yasa ihlali getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Peki nedir bu 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun ve onun getirdikleri ya da g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckleri? May\u0131s 2007\u2019de \u201c\u0130nternet Ortam\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi ve bu Yay\u0131nlar Yoluyla \u0130\u015flenen Su\u00e7larla M\u00fccadele Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201d ad\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla internet ile yarg\u0131 aras\u0131nda kanuni ba\u011f kurulmu\u015f oldu. \u0130\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lara, siteye vergi kimlik numaras\u0131, telefon, adres, gibi bilgileri koyarak kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 bilgilendirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getiren kanun ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7erik sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kullan\u0131ma sundu\u011fu t\u00fcm i\u00e7erikten sorumlu tutuyor. 14 maddelik kanunun raporda en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan maddeleri ise eri\u015fim engelleme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve internette ki\u015fisel hak ihlalleriyle ilgili olan 8 ve 9. maddeler.<\/p>\n

\u0130dari makamlara yarg\u0131 yetkisi
\n5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 8. maddesiyle sanal d\u00fcnyaya getirdi\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131s\u0131tlama olan eri\u015fim engelleme \u015fu durumlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yor: \u0130ntihara y\u00f6nlendirme, \u00e7ocuk cinsel istismar\u0131, uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma, tehlikeli madde temini, m\u00fcstehcenlik, fuhu\u015f, kumar oynanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yer ve imkan sa\u011flama, Atat\u00fcrk aleyhine i\u015flenen t\u00fcm su\u00e7lar. Bu i\u00e7eriklerden birini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran site, su\u00e7 unsuru bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kapat\u0131labiliyor. Burada en dikkat \u00e7eken nokta ise kapatma karar\u0131n\u0131n mahkemenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u0130leti\u015fim Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (T\u0130B) taraf\u0131ndan da veriliyor olmas\u0131. Raporda bu konu anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle olduk\u00e7a ele\u015ftiriliyor. Anayasan\u0131n, \u201cYarg\u0131 yetkisi T\u00fcrk milleti ad\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mahkemelerce kullan\u0131l\u0131r\u201d i\u00e7erikli 9. maddesi gere\u011fince idari makamlar\u0131n eri\u015fim engelleme yetkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunuluyor.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcstehcen mi pornografik mi ?
\n8. maddede bahsi ge\u00e7en i\u00e7eriklerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise yarg\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hen\u00fcz tan\u0131mlanamam\u0131\u015f kavramlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, m\u00fcstehcenlik tan\u0131m\u0131 TCK\u2019da yer alm\u0131yor. Rapora g\u00f6re bu durum eri\u015fim engellemede keyfi uygulamalara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. M\u00fcstehcenlik ile pornografik aras\u0131nda bir fark g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de bu i\u00e7erikler \u00e7ocuklardan korunmak istenirken, b\u00fcy\u00fcklere de yasaklan\u0131yor. Raporda bu durum i\u00e7in \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131 pornografik i\u00e7eriklerden korumak gereklidir ama b\u00fcy\u00fcklere de yasaklamak anayasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinden almakt\u0131r\u201d deniyor.<\/p>\n

Bomba tarifine izin var
\n8. maddede ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en i\u00e7eriklere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ak\u0131llara \u015fu soru tak\u0131l\u0131yor: Youtube, Geocities gibi d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ve sayg\u0131n sitelerin eri\u015fimi \u201cuygunsuz i\u00e7erik\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle engellenirken, bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 anlatan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ter\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fckleyen sitelere nas\u0131l rahat\u00e7a ula\u015fabiliyoruz? \u00d6zellikle forumlarda, TNT, C4 tipi bomba d\u00fczeneklerinin nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131, gerekli malzemelerin nerelerden temin edilece\u011fi gibi bilgiler detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde isteyenlere sunuluyor. Bu durum da internet denetlemesinin eri\u015fim engelleme yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenemeyece\u011fini bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n

Adnan Oktar\u2019\u0131n internette \u201chukuk\u201d sava\u015f\u0131
\nRaporda \u00fczerinde durulan bir di\u011fer madde ise internette ki\u015fisel haklar\u0131n ihlali ile ilgili olan 9. madde. Bu maddeye g\u00f6re, internet ortam\u0131nda ki\u015filik haklar\u0131 ihlal edilen bireyler ayn\u0131 hedef kitleye, o site \u00fczerinden kendi cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 bir hafta s\u00fcreyle yay\u0131nlayaniliyor. Ancak bu maddede eri\u015fim engellemeden s\u00f6z edilmemesi ortada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7eli\u015fki yarat\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Adnan Oktar\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalarla g\u00fcndeme gelen internette ki\u015fisel hak ihlallerine verilen ceza, kanunla uyu\u015fmuyor. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Adnan Oktar, kendi geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u201cevrim teorisi\u201dni ele\u015ftiren sitelere dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7lerinde WordPress, Google Groups, Richard Dawkins ve Vatan gazetesinin internet sitesinin de bulundu\u011fu altm\u0131\u015ftan fazla site i\u00e7in kapatma karar\u0131 ald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rapora g\u00f6re, Adnan Oktar davalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen eri\u015fim cezalar\u0131 9. maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi May\u0131s 2008\u2019den beri hukukla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Varolmayan siteye kapatma cezas\u0131
\nEri\u015fim engelleme yetkisi i\u00e7eren di\u011fer kanun ise 5846 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cFikir ve Sanat Eserleri\u201d kanunu. Bu kanuna g\u00f6re internette fikir ve sanat h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan sitelere eri\u015fim engelleme karar\u0131 veriliyor. Bu kanunla g\u00fcndeme gelen eri\u015fim engellemenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6rne\u011fi ise blogger.com siteleri. Lig TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131na abone olmadan eri\u015fim yollar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Digit\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ihbar\u0131yla eri\u015fimi engellenen site, Ekim ay\u0131nda yay\u0131na tekrar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kanunla ilgili en abs\u00fcrd olay ise imbd.com\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131na geldi diyebiliriz. D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc sinema sitesi www.imbd.com, \u201cFikir ve Sanat Eserleri\u201d kanunu gere\u011fince kapat\u0131lma cezas\u0131 ald\u0131. Fakat mahkemede sitenin adresinin yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lmas\u0131yla varolmayan bir site kapatma cezas\u0131 al\u0131rken, www.imbd.com T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yay\u0131n\u0131na devam etti.<\/p>\n

\u201cKanun kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d
\nRaporda 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun hukuki de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra eri\u015fim engelleme uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n sans\u00fcr niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu nedenle rapor, 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, demokratik haklar, h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikas\u0131 ve Avrupa \u00fclkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde savunuyor. Raporda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla beraber a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczeyde bir engelleme e\u011filimi ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor. Sitelerdeki tek bir dosya, 30 saniyelik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ya da bir resim b\u00fct\u00fcn sitenin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli sebepler. Bu durum hukuka uygun i\u00e7eriklere de ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 imkans\u0131z k\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Youtube\u2019da Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e hakaret i\u00e7eren videolar oldu\u011fu gibi onu \u00f6ven videolar da var. Rapor bu \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden, hakaret i\u00e7eren bir videonun toplumu rahats\u0131z edebilece\u011fini ama onar\u0131lmaz yaralar a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fakat ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n derin yaralar a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cGe\u00e7ici nitelik\u201d uygulanm\u0131yor
\n5651 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun idari bir makam olan T\u0130B\u2019e de eri\u015fim engelleme yetkisi verilmesinin de yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131yor. T\u0130B\u2019in verdi\u011fi koruma tedbiri karar\u0131 nitelik olarak ge\u00e7ici olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu karar\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bin 115 siteden sadece 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131n eri\u015fim engelinin kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptan\u0131yor. G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreyle uygulanmas\u0131 gereken kararlar kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Avrupa reddediyor, T\u00fcrkiye uyguluyor
\nKanun, Avrupa ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da herhangi bir benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Avrupa Konseyi, eri\u015fim engelleme politikas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a reddetmesine ve i\u00e7erik \u00e7\u0131karma y\u00f6ntemini benimsemesine ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin eri\u015fim engelleme de bu kadar \u0131srarc\u0131 olmas\u0131 raporda sans\u00fcrc\u00fc bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor.
\nSon olarak, \u201cTavsiyeler\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde; ev, okul bilgisayarlar\u0131 ve internet kafelerde bireysel filtrelemenin \u00f6nemli bir uygulama oldu\u011fu savunulurken, bu filtrelemenin devlet taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131 halinde internetin \u201cTRT\u2019den daha heyecan verici olmayan bir aile dostu ortam\u0131na\u201d d\u00f6nece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SantralHaber | Eri\u015fimimi engelleme! 16\/12\/08 – 17:49 Burcu Soydan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller anlat\u0131l\u0131rken matbaan\u0131n icat edilmesinden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra \u00fclkemize geldi\u011finden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltilir. Bir bak\u0131ma hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 olsa da, internetin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmesi bu kadar uzun s\u00fcrmedi ama yasaklar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla kullan\u0131ma sokuldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcnce zihniyette bir problem oldu\u011fu da a\u015fikar. \u0130nternet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ya da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[22,5,21,3,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5651-nolu-kanun","category-dusunce-ozgurlugu","category-erisim-engelleme","category-sansur","category-tib"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7wjA8-4I","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/privacy.cyber-rights.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}